Company setupBy TRG Editorial TeamUpdated 30/10/202613 min read

Hong Kong vs Dubai vs US LLC: Best Company Setup for Importers (2026)

Three company routes, three different jobsYour import businessbuying from ChinaHong Kong LtdPay China often, trade across bordersDubai free zoneGulf base, visa, re-export across MENAUS LLCSell to US customers and marketplaces
three company routes · Hong Kong, Dubai, US LLC

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You buy from China, you sell somewhere else, and your home bank makes every supplier payment a small battle. Sooner or later someone tells you: "Just open a company in Hong Kong." Or Dubai. Or a US LLC online in ten minutes.

All three can work. All three can also cost you money every year for nothing if they do not match where you live, where your customers are and how your suppliers want to be paid. This guide compares the best company setup for importers in 2026: a Hong Kong limited company, a Dubai free zone company and a US LLC, on official fees, yearly obligations, banking and tax, with a short look at the UK and Estonia.

In 30 seconds

  • Hong Kong suits importers who pay Chinese suppliers often and trade between countries. Low official setup fees, but a yearly audit is compulsory.

  • Dubai (free zone) suits founders in the Gulf, North Africa or the wider Middle East who want a residence visa and a regional hub. Higher yearly licence cost.

  • US LLC suits online sellers with US customers or US marketplaces. Cheap to form, but missing one IRS form can cost USD 25,000.00.

  • Your home country's rules come first. A foreign company does not replace import licences or foreign-exchange rules where you live.

In this guide: Quick verdict · Hong Kong company · Dubai free zone company · US LLC for non-residents · UK Ltd and Estonia · Singapore, Mauritius and Georgia · Best company setup by use case · How much does each setup cost · Banking · Remote opening at a glance · Deposit protection vs safeguarding · Tax basics · Is it legal to own a foreign company and bank ac · Worked example · By region · 6 mistakes that make a foreign company expensive

Quick verdict: which company setup fits your import business?

Your situationBest fitWhy
You pay Chinese suppliers every month and resell in several countriesHong Kong companyClose to Chinese banks and suppliers, CNY and USD accounts, territorial tax
You want to live or travel in the Gulf, sell across the Middle East and North AfricaDubai free zone companyResidence visa, regional hub, 0.00% tax possible on qualifying income
You sell online to US customers (Amazon, Shopify, wholesale)US LLCUS bank and payment tools, marketplaces trust a US entity
You sell mainly in the UK or EuropeUK Ltd or Estonian companyVAT and customs set up where your customers are
You only import into your own country, for your own shopProbably noneYour local company and local bank file usually matter more
Three questions point to your company routeSelling mainly to US customers?Want a Gulf base or a visa?Paying Chinese suppliers often?US LLCStripe, Mercury, marketplacesDubai free zoneVisa, hub, 0% on qualifying incomeHong Kong LtdCNY payouts, territorial taxKeep your home companyAdd one later if your trade growsyesyesyesnonono
which company route · 3 questions, 4 outcomes

Not sure yet? The free Setup Route Finder asks seven questions and suggests a route with the bank that goes with it.

Hong Kong company: the classic China trading hub

A Hong Kong private limited company is the traditional base for buying from mainland China: suppliers know it, banks in Hong Kong handle CNY and USD every day, and you can be 100.00% foreign-owned without living there.

Official setup fees (Companies Registry and Business Registration, 2026):

ItemFee (HKD)
Incorporation, electronic filing1,545.00
Business registration certificate, 1 year (fee + levy)2,350.00
Total official fees3,895.00 (about USD 500.00)
Annual return (filed on time)105.00 per year

On top of the official fees you need a company secretary based in Hong Kong and a registered address, usually sold together by a formation provider such as Sleek, Osome or Air Corporate. Prices vary by provider and package.

What you must do every year

  • File the annual return within 42 days of the incorporation anniversary. Filed late, the fee jumps to HKD 3,480.00.

  • Have your accounts audited by a Hong Kong CPA and file a profits tax return. Hong Kong has no general small-company audit exemption; audit fees for a very small company typically start around HKD 8,000.00.

  • Renew the business registration certificate.

Three things a Hong Kong company files every year1Annual returnWithin 42 days of theanniversary: HKD 105.002Audit + tax returnAudited accounts and aprofits tax return3BR renewalBusiness registration,HKD 2,350.00 for 1 yearAnnual return filed late: HKD 3,480.00 instead of HKD 105.00.
Hong Kong yearly obligations · 3 filings

Tax in one line: profits tax is 8.25% on the first HKD 2,000,000.00 of assessable profits and 16.50% above, and Hong Kong taxes only profits sourced in Hong Kong. Whether trading profits are "offshore" depends on facts, so get a local accountant's opinion before you assume 0.00%.

  • Good for: regular supplier payments in CNY or USD, triangular trade (China → Gulf, China → North Africa), credibility with Chinese suppliers.

  • Watch out: traditional banks often refuse non-residents. Most new owners open with Airwallex, Statrys or another digital business account first. The audit is a fixed yearly cost even in a quiet year.

Dubai free zone company: hub, visa and 0.00% on qualifying income

The UAE has dozens of free zones. Each one sells a licence that lets a foreign owner hold 100.00% of the company. Meydan Free Zone, IFZA, RAKEZ and others compete hard on price, which is why many founders from North Africa and the Middle East start here.

Example: Meydan Free Zone, indicative government costs (July 2026)

PackageCost (AED)
Licence, no residence visa12,500.00
Licence + 1 residence visa20,670.00
Licence + 2 residence visas26,820.00
Each extra visa (2nd, 3rd)+6,150.00

These figures exclude the provider's fee, office rent, VAT where it applies and bank minimum balances. Renewal is cheaper than year one, but it is a yearly licence cost you pay whatever your sales.

Corporate tax: the UAE taxes profits at 0.00% up to AED 375,000.00 and 9.00% above. A free zone company that meets the "Qualifying Free Zone Person" conditions can pay 0.00% on qualifying income; income that does not qualify, such as many sales into the UAE mainland, can be taxed at 9.00%. Every company, even one with zero profit, must register with the Federal Tax Authority and file a return.

UAE corporate tax: two bands, plus a free zone routeTaxable profit of one company in one year (bands not to scale)0%on the first AED 375,000.009%on profit above AED 375,000.00Qualifying free zone company: 0% on qualifying incomeConditions apply. Non-qualifying income, such as many mainland UAE sales, can be taxed at 9%.Every company registers with the Federal Tax Authority and files a return, even at 0%.
UAE corporate tax bands · 0.00%, 9.00% and the free zone route
  • Good for: founders who want to live in or travel to the Gulf, re-export hubs (China → Dubai → MENA), a residence visa that helps with banking.

  • Watch out: UAE bank accounts can take weeks and usually expect a visa and real activity. Wise Business cannot send CNY from the UAE, so plan Airwallex or a local bank for yuan payments. Licence renewal and visas are a fixed yearly cost.

US LLC for non-residents: cheap to form, strict on paperwork

A US limited liability company can be formed online in most states without travelling. For a foreign owner with no US office, staff or US trade activity, a single-member LLC is usually not taxed as a separate company at federal level. That is why it is popular with online sellers.

State fees at a glance (check the state's site before you file):

StateYearly state feeNote
WyomingAnnual report from USD 60.00Popular for low cost and privacy
DelawareAnnual tax USD 400.00 (from 2026, due 01/06)Higher yearly cost; see our US LLC guide
New MexicoNo annual report feeCheapest to maintain

You also need a registered agent in the state (a yearly fee from the provider) and an EIN, the free US tax number.

The one form you must never miss: a foreign-owned single-member LLC must file IRS Form 5472 with a pro forma Form 1120 for every year with a "reportable transaction" between you and the LLC; even putting money into the company counts. The penalty is USD 25,000.00 per form, per year. For tax year 2025 the deadline was 15/04/2026, extendable to 15/10/2026.

US LLC: one IRS form every year, or USD 25,000.00Money in or outbetween you and the LLCForm 5472with a pro forma Form 1120Filed on timedue 15/04, extension to 15/10MissedUSD 25,000.00 per form, per year
US LLC Form 5472 · file every year

Beneficial ownership (BOI): since a FinCEN rule of March 2025, LLCs formed in the US are exempt from BOI reporting.

  • Good for: selling to US customers, US marketplaces and payment tools (Stripe, Mercury), a currency account in USD.

  • Watch out: US banks and fintechs can close accounts linked to some countries; if you do business inside the US, you may owe US tax; and the LLC does not change your tax position at home.

UK Ltd and Estonia: when your customers are in Europe

  • UK private limited company: quick online incorporation at Companies House, a well-known structure for UK and European buyers, and full access to UK payment tools. You need a UK registered address, yearly accounts and a confirmation statement. Worth it when you sell into the UK and need UK VAT and an EORI number for customs.

  • Estonian company with e-Residency: run fully online, with EU credibility. Estonia taxes company profits only when they are distributed. Useful for EU-focused online businesses; for physical imports you still handle EU VAT and customs where the goods enter.

For most importers buying from China and selling into the Middle East and North Africa, these two are a second choice behind Hong Kong or Dubai.

Singapore, Mauritius and Georgia: three more options

Hong Kong, Dubai and a US LLC cover most importers. Three other names come up often in forums and adviser pitches. Here is who each one suits, the official fee and the main catch.

Three more options: Singapore, Mauritius, GeorgiaOfficial fees only, checked 31/10/2026. Providers, accountants and banks add to these.SingaporePrivate limited companyWho it suitsDigital services, SaaS,Asia-wide tradingOfficial costSGD 15.00 name +SGD 300.00 registration (ACRA)Key limitForeigners need a serviceprovider and a local residentMauritiusGlobal Business CompanyWho it suitsHolding between Africaand Asia, investment flowsOfficial costFSC: USD 600.00 processing,USD 2,600.00 per yearKey limitVia a management company;local directors and bank expectedGeorgiaLimited liability companyWho it suitsFounders who want a simplecompany and a local bankOfficial costGEL 200.00 registration(1 working day, NAPR)Key limitBanks check source of fundsand business background
three more options · Singapore, Mauritius, Georgia

Singapore: for digital services and Asia-wide trade

A Singapore private limited company has a strong name with banks, payment firms and Asian customers. It fits founders who sell software, online services or consulting across Asia, or who buy from Southeast Asian suppliers as well as Chinese ones.

Official cost: ACRA charges SGD 15.00 to apply for a company name and SGD 300.00 to register a local company; the annual return costs SGD 60.00. Companies pay a flat 17.00% corporate income tax on chargeable income, with exemptions for some new and small companies (check IRAS).

Key limit: foreigners cannot file alone. ACRA says they must use a corporate service provider, and every business needs at least one local resident (a citizen, a permanent resident or the holder of certain work passes). The company secretary must also be locally resident. A nominee resident director from a provider is a yearly cost and a real legal role, so read that contract carefully.

Mauritius: for holding structures between Africa and Asia

A Mauritius Global Business Company (GBC) is licensed by the Financial Services Commission (FSC). It is used mainly as a holding or investment company for flows between Asia, the Middle East and Africa, rather than for day-to-day import trading.

Official cost: since 01/07/2026 the FSC charges USD 600.00 to process a Global Business Licence application and an annual fee of USD 2,600.00, under its amended fee rules of 2026. Management company fees, audit and local directors come on top.

Key limit: you cannot apply directly. Applications go through a licensed management company, and the FSC expects real substance: it encourages at least two directors resident in Mauritius, a principal bank account in Mauritius, accounting records at the registered office and accounts audited locally. Mauritius also has no deposit insurance scheme in operation yet (see below). For a small importer, that is a lot of fixed cost.

Georgia: a simple company and a local bank

Georgia (the country) attracts founders who want a simple company and a local bank account. A Georgian LLC can trade internationally, and registration takes from one working day.

Official cost: the National Agency of Public Registry (NAPR) charges GEL 200.00 to register an entrepreneurial legal entity such as an LLC in one working day, or GEL 400.00 for same-day registration. You need a passport, a Georgian legal address and articles of association; foreign-language documents need a certified translation.

Key limit: banks check the source of funds and the business background carefully. Some local providers say accounts can be opened with a power of attorney, but each bank decides, so ask before you register. Georgia also committed to CRS exchanges by 2024, so a Georgian account is not invisible to your home tax office.

Best company setup by use case

The quick verdict above starts from your situation. This table starts from what you actually do every week. Pick the line that matches most of your revenue, not the one that sounds most exciting.

Use caseUsually fitsWhyWatch out
You pay Chinese suppliers several times a monthHong Kong LtdCNY and USD accounts; suppliers know Hong Kong companiesYearly audit; traditional banks want a visit
You sell to buyers in the GulfUAE free zone companyRegional hub; 0.00% possible on qualifying incomeLicence renewal every year; 9.00% on other profits above AED 375,000.00
You sell on Amazon US or to US customersUS LLCUS banks, Stripe and marketplaces work with itForm 5472 every year
You sell to customers in the EUEU company (for example Estonia with e-Residency)EU VAT and customs handled where you selle-Residency card collected in person
You want a residence visaUAE free zone with a visa packageMeydan example: AED 20,670.00 with one visaVisa renewals add to the yearly cost
You want an Africa–Asia holding companyMauritius GBCLicensed and supervised by the FSCUSD 2,600.00 yearly FSC fee, plus substance
You want a non-resident bank account that is easier to getGeorgia LLCGEL 200.00 registration; some banks accept a power of attorneyStrict source-of-funds checks
You sell digital services across AsiaSingapore Pte LtdStrong reputation; 17.00% flat rate with exemptionsLocal resident and service provider needed
Best setup by use caseA starting point, not a verdict: your home-country rules and your bank decide the rest.You pay China oftenHong Kong LtdCNY payouts, suppliers know HK firmsYou sell to the GulfUAE free zoneRegional hub, 0.00% on qualifying incomeYou sell on Amazon USUS LLCUS banking and payment toolsYou sell in the EUEU company (e.g. Estonia)VAT and EORI where goods enterYou want a residence visaUAE free zoneLicence packages include visasAfrica–Asia holdingMauritius GBCLicensed via a management companyEasy non-resident bankGeorgia LLCSome banks accept a power of attorneyDigital services, AsiaSingapore Pte Ltd17.00% flat rate; exemptions may applyMain routes in this guideNiche options (see Singapore, Mauritius and Georgia below)
best setup by use case · 8 situations

Still unsure? The Setup Route Finder asks seven questions and suggests one route.

How much does each setup cost? Year one and every year after

Hong Kong LtdDubai free zone (Meydan example)US LLC
Official fees, year oneHKD 3,895.00 (about USD 499.36)AED 12,500.00 without visa (about USD 3,405.99)State filing fee only
With a residence visaNot includedAED 20,670.00 (about USD 5,632.15)Not available
Fixed yearly itemsAnnual return HKD 105.00, BR renewal HKD 2,350.00, audit from about HKD 8,000.00Licence renewal, visa renewal, tax registration and returnState fee (USD 0.00 to 300.00), registered agent, Form 5472 filing
Rough yearly floorAbout HKD 10,455.00 (USD 1,340.38) before secretary and accountantSeveral thousand AED, depending on zone and visasA few hundred USD, more with an accountant
Hidden cost to plan forAudit, even in a quiet yearBank minimum balances, office requirementsUSD 25,000.00 penalty if Form 5472 is missed
Year-one official fees: Hong Kong is the cheapest startGovernment fees only, in USD. Providers, audit and bank costs come on top.USD 499.36USD 3,405.99USD 5,632.15Hong Kong LtdDubai FZ, no visaDubai FZ + 1 visaUS LLC state fees vary by state and are not shown. Rates: HKD 7.80 and AED 3.67 per USD.
year-one official fees · USD

How we compared: official government fees published for Hong Kong (Companies Registry and Business Registration), indicative Meydan Free Zone government costs (July 2026) and state fees for Wyoming, Delaware and New Mexico. Provider packages, accountants and banks add to these. USD conversions use HKD 7.80 and AED 3.67 per USD. Fees checked on 31/10/2026; confirm on the official sites before you pay.

Banking: the step that takes longer than the company

Forming the company takes days. Opening a bank account that will actually pay Chinese suppliers can take weeks. Plan the bank before you choose the country.

CompanyRealistic first accountPaying suppliers in CNYWatch out
Hong KongAirwallex, Statrys or another digital business account; a traditional bank laterYes, through local payout networksTraditional banks often want a visit, local activity or a large deposit
Dubai free zoneAirwallex or a digital account; a UAE bank once you have a visaAirwallex yes; Wise cannot send CNY from the UAEUAE banks may ask for a minimum balance and proof of activity
US LLCMercury, Wise Business or AirwallexWise and Airwallex yesAccounts linked to some countries can be refused or closed

For fees, speeds and the cheapest way to pay in USD or CNY, see How to Pay a Chinese Supplier. Whatever the bank, the supplier still has to pass the checks in How to Verify a Chinese Supplier.

Remote opening at a glance: can you do it all online?

Most importers cannot fly to Hong Kong or Wyoming to sign papers. The good news: forming the company is now online almost everywhere. The bank account is the step that can still need a visit, a visa or a home country that your provider accepts.

Remote opening at a glance: company and business accountfully remoteremote, with a conditionnot remote?varies: ask the providerCompanyDigitalaccountTraditionalbankKey condition (checked 31/10/2026)Hong Kong LtdOnline e-Registry; HK-resident secretary needed.Banks usually hold an in-person KYC interview.Singapore Pte Ltd??Foreigners must use a corporate service providerand the business needs a local resident.UAE free zone?Meydan: apply online with a passport, e-licence.Some local bank services need a residence visa.US LLC?Online filing (Wyoming USD 100.00); EIN by fax.Mercury: founders abroad OK, some countries not.UK Ltd??Every new director must verify identity first,online through GOV.UK One Login.Estonia (e-Residency)?e-Residency card: in-person pickup, fingerprints.Then company and video-ID banking run online.If you live in… (what changes for the founder, whatever the country above)Saudi Arabia??Registries do not ask for residence; each appchecks its country list. CRS reporting applies.Egypt??Registry is fine; money sent from Egypt followsCentral Bank of Egypt currency rules: ask.MoroccoResidents need Office des Changes approval tohold assets abroad (IGOC 2026). Ask first.Sources: Companies Registry HK, ACRA, Meydan FZ, Wyoming SOS, IRS, Mercury, Companies House, e-Residency, Statrys, OECD.Providers change their country lists often: confirm before you pay a formation fee.
remote opening · company and account, 6 countries + 3 home countries

How to read it: a green tick means the step can be done fully online for most applicants; an amber triangle means online, with a condition; a red cross means expect a visit; a dotted question mark means it depends on the bank or app, so ask before you pay a formation fee.

  • Hong Kong: the Companies Registry accepts online applications and normally issues certificates within about an hour. No director has to live in Hong Kong, but an individual company secretary must. Digital accounts such as Statrys are opened fully online; traditional banks usually hold an in-person KYC interview.

  • Singapore: ACRA requires foreigners to use a corporate service provider, and the business needs a local resident.

  • UAE free zone: Meydan Free Zone lets founders apply online with a passport and issues the licence electronically. Some UAE banking services still need a residence visa.

  • US LLC: states such as Wyoming accept online filings (USD 100.00 for the Articles of Organization), with a registered agent in the state. A foreign applicant gets the EIN by phone, fax or mail, not online. Mercury accepts founders who live outside the US, except in some countries on its list.

  • UK Ltd: since 18/11/2025 every new director must verify their identity with Companies House before incorporation; this can be done online through GOV.UK One Login.

  • Estonia: once you hold e-Residency, the company runs online and banking can use video identification, but the e-Residency card itself is collected in person, with fingerprints.

What changes if you live in Saudi Arabia, Egypt or Morocco

The registries above do not care where you live. Banks and payment apps do: each one keeps a list of countries it accepts, and that list changes. Three points to check:

  • Saudi Arabia: no special step to form the company abroad. Saudi Arabia committed to CRS exchanges by 2018, so expect foreign accounts to be reported home. Check that the provider accepts Saudi-resident owners.

  • Egypt: forming the company is not the issue; funding it from Egypt follows the Central Bank of Egypt's currency rules. Ask your Egyptian bank before you send capital. See paying a Chinese supplier from Egypt.

  • Morocco: under the 2026 general instruction on foreign-exchange operations (IGOC), a resident individual needs Office des Changes approval to build up assets abroad, such as shares or bank balances. Moroccan companies can invest abroad through their bank, under conditions. Ask the Office des Changes first and read paying a Chinese supplier from Morocco.

The remote KYC pack: what a business account asks forTypical list for a Hong Kong business account (Statrys guide); other providers ask for similar files.Passporteach director and shareholderalwaysProof of addressutility bill or bank statement, ≤ 3 monthsalwaysCompany documentscertificate, articles, registersalwaysOwner (UBO) detailswho owns and controls the companyusuallySource of fundsbank statements, invoices, contractssometimesBusiness planif the model is complex or higher risksometimesTip: scan everything in colour, with a translation if a file is not in English, before you start the form.Names and addresses should match across all files, or expect extra questions.
remote KYC pack · 6 documents

Whatever the country, the application asks for much the same pack. Prepare it once, as clear colour scans, before you choose a provider. For the provider itself, compare fees in Wise vs Payoneer vs Airwallex.

Deposit protection vs safeguarding: is your company's money insured?

Many importers keep all their working capital in a payment app. That is convenient, but it is worth knowing which safety net applies if the firm holding the money fails.

Bank deposit insurance is a public scheme that repays depositors, up to a limit, when a licensed bank fails:

JurisdictionSchemeLimitNote
Hong KongDeposit Protection SchemeHKD 800,000.00 per depositor, per bankRaised from HKD 500,000.00 on 01/10/2024
SingaporeSDIC Deposit InsuranceSGD 100,000.00 per depositor, per Scheme memberSingapore-dollar deposits only; companies are eligible
United StatesFDICUSD 250,000.00 per depositor, per bank, per ownership categoryCorporation accounts are a separate category
United KingdomFSCSGBP 120,000.00 per depositor, per bankRaised from GBP 85,000.00 on 01/12/2025
UAENone in operationNo public limitIADI lists the UAE (and Mauritius) as systems "under development"
Deposit insurance vs safeguarding: two different safety netsLimits per depositor at a failed bank, checked 31/10/2026. Safeguarding is not insurance.Bank deposit insuranceA state-backed fund repays you if a licensed bank failsHong Kong (DPS)per depositor, per bankHKD 800,000.00Singapore (SDIC)SGD deposits only; firms coveredSGD 100,000.00United States (FDIC)per bank, per ownership categoryUSD 250,000.00United Kingdom (FSCS)per depositor, since 01/12/2025GBP 120,000.00UAEIADI lists it "under development"No scheme yetPayment / e-money firmsSafeguarding: your money kept separateWiseNot a bank: not covered by FSCS.Money kept apart from Wise's own.AirwallexNot FSCS (UK), not SDIC (Singapore).US partner banks: FDIC may apply.StatrysClient money held in a separateaccount at its custodian bank.Aims to return your money if the firm fails.One common approachKeep working cash at the payment app; park larger reserves at an insured bank, below the limit.
deposit insurance vs safeguarding · limits and payment firms

Safeguarding is different. Payment and e-money firms such as Wise, Airwallex and Statrys are not deposit-taking banks. They must keep customer money apart from their own, for example in segregated or trust accounts at partner banks, so that it can be returned if the firm fails. It is not insurance:

  • Wise: states that it is not a bank, so funds are not covered by the FSCS; it follows safeguarding rules for e-money institutions instead.

  • Airwallex: states that its UK funds are not covered by the FSCS and that its Singapore funds are not bank deposits covered by the Deposit Insurance Scheme. In the US, funds at partner banks may have FDIC cover up to USD 250,000.00.

  • Statrys: holds client money in a separate account at its custodian bank. Ask Statrys directly what cover, if any, applies to your balance.

What this means for an importer: a payment app is the right tool to pay suppliers. For a large reserve, such as the deposit for next season's orders, compare it with the insurance limit of the bank where you could hold it. Example: a Dubai trading company holding AED in a UAE bank has no deposit insurance scheme to fall back on, so the strength of the bank itself matters more. See our Airwallex review for how its accounts work.

Tax basics: what each country taxes, and what it does not change

Hong KongUAE (free zone)US single-member LLC (foreign owner)
Headline rate8.25% up to HKD 2,000,000.00, then 16.50%0.00% up to AED 375,000.00, then 9.00%Usually no federal company tax if no US trade or business
Key ideaTerritorial: only Hong Kong-sourced profits are taxed0.00% possible on qualifying free zone incomeProfits flow to the owner; reporting still required
Yearly filingAudited accounts + profits tax returnRegistration with the FTA + yearly returnForm 5472 + pro forma 1120

The rule most guides skip: a company abroad does not end your tax obligations at home. Many countries tax their residents on worldwide income or on profits from foreign companies they control, and countries with foreign-exchange controls have their own rules on money earned abroad. Ask an accountant in your country before you open anything, and keep every invoice and contract.

This section is general information, not tax advice.

Yes, in most countries it is legal to own a company in Hong Kong, the UAE or the US and to hold its business account. What is not optional is reporting. Hiding a foreign company or account is where the trouble starts, and today it is hard to hide anyway.

What you must declare, and whereOwning a foreign company and account is legal. Three reporting tracks run at the same time.You own a company + accountabroad (Hong Kong, UAE, US…)1. The company fileswhere it is registeredaHong Kong: audited accounts+ profits tax returnbUAE: FTA registration+ yearly tax returncUS LLC: Form 5472+ pro forma Form 11202. The bank or app reportsCRS, once a yearaAsks your tax residencewhen you open (self-cert)bSends balances to the taxoffice of your home countrycUS accounts: FATCAagreements, not CRS3. You declare at homeas owner and residentaYour tax return: foreignincome, company rulesbUS person: FBAR aboveUSD 10,000.00 + Form 8938cUK resident: SelfAssessment, foreign incomedCurrency rules: centralbank or Office des ChangesData reaches your tax office:your return must match it.Watch the "control" testA company can be taxed where it is really managed and controlled, not only where it is registered.
what you must declare, where · 3 reporting tracks

CRS: banks report foreign accounts automatically

Under the OECD Common Reporting Standard (CRS), banks and payment firms ask for the tax residence of the account holder and of the people who control a company account. Each year they send balances and income to their own tax authority, which passes them on to the tax authority of each reportable person's country.

For our readers' home countries, the OECD commitments list (status 18/05/2022) gives these first-exchange years: the UK and Estonia 2017; the UAE, Saudi Arabia, Hong Kong, Singapore, Mauritius, Qatar and Bahrain by 2018; Kuwait by 2019; Oman by 2020; Jordan by 2023; Tunisia and Georgia by 2024. Morocco committed for 2022, but its parliament postponed the vote on the agreement, and a press report of 05/12/2025 gave 2028 as the new deadline. Egypt is on the OECD list of developing countries with no date set.

Exchange is not always two-way. The UAE sends CRS reports (first exchange in September 2018, according to ADGM), but New Zealand's tax office, for example, does not list the UAE, Qatar, Bahrain or Kuwait among the countries it reports to. The United States does not use CRS: it exchanges under FATCA agreements instead.

Which countries swap bank account data automatically? (CRS)Committed year of first automatic exchange, OECD commitments list (18/05/2022); UAE confirmed by ADGM.201720182019202020212022202320242025202620272028UK,EstoniaHong Kong, Singapore,UAE, Saudi Arabia,Mauritius, QatarKuwait (2019),Oman (2020)JordanTunisia,GeorgiaMorocco: committed (2022),law vote postponed; pressreports a 2028 deadlineEgypt: no CRS date setOn the OECD list of developing countries notasked to commit to a date. Ask an Egyptianadviser what you must declare at home.United States: FATCA, not CRSExchanges under FATCA since 2015 throughagreements with other countries. US personsfile FBAR and Form 8938 themselves.
CRS first exchanges · timeline for MENA, UK and Asia

US persons: FBAR and Form 8938

If you are a US citizen or resident, you report foreign accounts yourself, on top of the company's own filings:

  • FBAR (FinCEN Form 114): required when the combined value of your foreign financial accounts exceeds USD 10,000.00 at any time in the calendar year.

  • Form 8938 (FATCA): filed with your tax return when your specified foreign financial assets exceed USD 50,000.00 on the last day of the year or USD 75,000.00 at any time (unmarried, living in the US). For an unmarried person living abroad the thresholds are USD 200,000.00 and USD 300,000.00; married couples filing jointly have higher ones. The penalty for not filing is up to USD 10,000.00, rising to a possible USD 60,000.00 after IRS notices.

A US LLC owned by a non-US person is a different case: it files Form 5472, as explained above.

UK residents: foreign income goes on your return

HMRC's starting point is simple: UK residents normally pay UK tax on all their income, from the UK or abroad, and usually need a Self Assessment return if they have foreign income or gains. Since 06/04/2025 the old remittance basis has been replaced by a 4-year foreign income and gains (FIG) regime, open only to people who become UK resident after at least 10 years abroad. So dividends from your Hong Kong or Dubai company belong on your UK return, and a company you run from the UK may itself be treated as UK resident (see the next point).

Substance: where is your company really managed?

A company's tax residence does not depend only on where it is registered. Under UK case law, as HMRC's International Manual explains, a company is resident where its "central management and control actually abides", and board meetings held abroad achieve little if the real decisions are made elsewhere. Other countries use similar tests. Example: a Riyadh founder who takes every decision for a Hong Kong company from Riyadh should ask a Saudi adviser whether that company could be treated as managed in Saudi Arabia.

Home-country exchange control

Tax is only half of it. Countries with currency controls decide whether residents may hold money abroad at all. In Morocco, resident individuals need Office des Changes approval to build up assets abroad; in Egypt, the Central Bank of Egypt sets the rules for moving money out. A foreign company does not change those rules for money that leaves your home country. Our country guides cover the details for Saudi Arabia, Egypt and Morocco.

Worked example: one importer, three possible setups

An illustrative case, not a real company.

Amina lives in Casablanca. She buys auto parts in Guangzhou and sells them to garages in Morocco and to two wholesalers in Saudi Arabia and Jordan. She pays suppliers about 10 times a year, mostly in CNY, and does not plan to move.

QuestionHong KongDubai free zoneUS LLC
Pays CNY suppliers easily?YesYes, with AirwallexYes, with Wise or Airwallex
Fits sales to the Gulf and Levant?YesYesWeak: no US customers
Needs her to travel or live there?NoOnly for a visa and some banksNo
Fixed yearly costAudit + renewalLicence + renewal (+ visa)Low, but strict IRS form
FitBestGood if she wants a Gulf basePoor

Her decision: a Hong Kong company with a digital business account for supplier payments, while her Moroccan company keeps importing for the local market under Moroccan rules. She budgets the yearly audit from day one and checks the plan with her Moroccan accountant before opening anything.

By region: what changes for you

Same company, different rules where you sellMiddle East & N. AfricaHome FX rules still applyDubai: re-export hubHong Kong: paying ChinaEurope and UKVAT where goods enterEORI number for customsUK Ltd or Estonia often simplerUnited StatesUS LLC for US buyersUS customs and duties applyWorking in the US = US tax
by region · MENA, Europe/UK, US

Middle East and North Africa

  • In countries with foreign-exchange controls (Egypt, Tunisia and others), goods you import at home are still paid through your local bank and import file. A foreign company helps for trade between other countries, not to skip those rules.

  • Dubai is the natural hub for re-export across the Gulf and North Africa; Hong Kong is stronger when most of the work is paying China.

  • Check first that the bank or payment app accepts owners from your country.

Europe and the UK

  • If your customers are in the EU or UK, you will need VAT registration and an EORI number where the goods enter. A Hong Kong or US company does not remove that.

  • A UK Ltd or an Estonian company is often simpler when you sell mainly in Europe.

United States

  • For US customers and marketplaces, a US LLC is the usual choice; goods entering the US still go through US customs and duties, and China-specific duties change often, so check them for your product before you order.

  • If you or your staff work inside the US, the LLC may owe US tax: get a US accountant's view.

6 mistakes that make a foreign company expensive

  1. Choosing the country before the bank. Check which bank or payment account will accept you, then pick the company.

  2. Forgetting the yearly costs. The Hong Kong audit, the Dubai licence renewal and the US Form 5472 are due even in a year with no sales.

  3. Thinking the company replaces home rules. Import licences, customs and foreign-exchange rules where you live still apply.

  4. Mixing personal and company money. Banks close accounts that look like personal use; tax offices dislike it even more.

  5. Buying the cheapest package blindly. Check what is excluded: secretary, address, accounting, visa, bank introduction.

  6. Opening three companies at once. Start with the one that fits your main trade route, run it for a year, then decide.

Glossary

TermMeaning
BR certificateHong Kong business registration certificate, renewed every 1 or 3 years
Company secretaryRequired officer of a Hong Kong company, based in Hong Kong
Free zoneUAE area where foreigners can own 100.00% of a company under its own licence
QFZPQualifying Free Zone Person: a UAE free zone company that can pay 0.00% on qualifying income
FTAUAE Federal Tax Authority
LLCUS limited liability company
EINUS federal tax number for a company
Form 5472IRS form for foreign-owned US companies; USD 25,000.00 penalty if missed
Registered agentCompany that receives official mail for a US LLC in its state
EORICustoms number needed to import into the UK or EU
CRSCommon Reporting Standard: OECD system under which banks report foreign accounts to the holder's home tax office
FATCAUS law and agreements under which foreign banks report accounts of US persons
FBARFinCEN Form 114, filed by US persons whose foreign accounts exceed USD 10,000.00 in total
Deposit insurancePublic scheme that repays bank depositors up to a limit if the bank fails
SafeguardingRule that payment and e-money firms keep customer money apart from their own; not insurance
KYCKnow your customer: identity, address and ownership checks before an account opens
UBOUltimate beneficial owner: the person who finally owns or controls the company
GBCGlobal Business Company: Mauritius company licensed by the FSC
Central management and controlTest of where a company is really run, used to decide its tax residence

FAQ

Which is cheaper to start, Hong Kong or Dubai? On official fees, Hong Kong: about HKD 3,895.00 against AED 12,500.00 or more for a free zone licence. Count the yearly audit in Hong Kong and the licence renewal in Dubai before deciding.

Do I need to live in Hong Kong to own a Hong Kong company? No. You can be a non-resident owner and director, but you need a Hong Kong company secretary and address.

Is a Dubai free zone company really tax-free? It can pay 0.00% on qualifying income if it meets the qualifying free zone conditions. Other income can be taxed at 9.00% above AED 375,000.00, and every company must register and file.

Does a US LLC pay US tax if I live abroad? A single-member LLC owned by a non-resident with no US trade or business usually pays no federal company tax, but it must file Form 5472 every year.

Can a foreign company help me avoid foreign-exchange rules at home? No. Goods imported into your country still follow its banking and customs rules. A foreign company is for trade between other countries and for international payments.

Which company is best for paying Chinese suppliers? Hong Kong is the classic choice. Dubai and US companies can pay China too, mostly through Airwallex or Wise.

Can I change later? Yes. Many importers start with one company and add or switch after a year, when they know their real trade routes.

What documents do I need to open a business account abroad? Usually a passport for each director and shareholder; proof of residential address, such as a utility bill or bank statement dated within the last 3 months; the company's certificate and articles; details of the ultimate beneficial owners; and, for many banks, evidence of source of funds (bank statements, invoices or contracts) and sometimes a business plan. Statrys, for example, lists passports and the business registration certificate as the minimum and may ask for more.

Will my home tax office know about my Hong Kong or Dubai account? Very likely, if your country takes part in CRS. Saudi Arabia, the UK, Jordan, Tunisia and many others committed to automatic exchange; Morocco has committed but its start has been delayed, and Egypt has no date set. Either way, declaring the account is your duty, not the bank's.

Is money in Wise or Airwallex protected like a bank deposit? No. Both are payment or e-money firms that safeguard customer money by keeping it separate from their own, but Wise says UK balances are not covered by the FSCS, and Airwallex says its UK and Singapore funds are not covered by deposit insurance. In the US, Airwallex funds at partner banks may have FDIC cover.

Can I open a Hong Kong company and business account without travelling? Yes for the company: the Companies Registry accepts online filings and no director has to live in Hong Kong, though you need a Hong Kong company secretary. A digital account such as Statrys can be opened fully online; a traditional Hong Kong bank usually wants an in-person interview.

This guide is general information, not legal, tax or financial advice. Fees and rules change; confirm with the registry, tax authority and a qualified adviser in your country before acting.

Sources