How to Pay a Chinese Supplier from Europe or the UK (2026): EUR, GBP, USD or CNY

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Figures last checked: 31/10/2026.

If you run a small business in the EU or the UK, you need to pay a Chinese supplier from Europe in a currency they accept, at a fair exchange rate, and without a rejected transfer. Then, when the goods land in Rotterdam, Hamburg or Felixstowe, you need an EORI number, customs duty and import VAT sorted.

This guide covers both halves. It compares a bank SWIFT wire, Wise Business, Airwallex and Revolut Business on their published EU and UK prices, explains the other payment methods suppliers accept (letter of credit, Alibaba Trade Assurance, cards), and walks through three worked examples: USD 3,000.00, EUR 10,000.00 and USD 50,000.00, from the transfer to the VAT return.

Short answer: To pay a Chinese supplier from Europe, convert EUR or GBP with a low-margin provider and send CNY to the supplier's CNY business account, or USD if the invoice is in USD. On published prices, Airwallex costs about EUR 60.00 per EUR 10,000.00, Wise Business EUR 79.19, while bank margins often reach 2.00% to 4.00%.

In 30 seconds

• Cheapest published CNY route: Airwallex, about EUR 60.00 on EUR 10,000.00 (0.50% margin plus 0.10% CNY fee).

• Easiest calculator: Wise Business, EUR 79.19 in fees on a EUR 10,000.00 to CNY quote from Germany, and the lowest quote in our large USD example.

• Biggest hidden cost: the bank exchange-rate margin, often 2.00% to 4.00% (indicative).

• At the border: EORI number, duty from TARIC or the UK Trade Tariff, and import VAT (19.00% in Germany, 20.00% in France and the UK, 21.00% in the Netherlands).

• Biggest risk: a "new bank details" e-mail. Always confirm by phone.

In this guide: Quick verdict · Wise vs Airwallex vs Revolut vs bank · Which payment methods do Chinese suppliers accep · How much does it cost to send EUR 10,000.00 to C · Worked examples by order size · Should I pay a Chinese supplier in USD or CNY fr · What do I need to import from China into the EU · How does postponed VAT accounting work for China · How to pay a Chinese supplier from Europe step b · When to pay · By region · Mistakes to avoid when paying a Chinese supplier · Checklist before paying and importing · Key takeaways

Quick verdict: the best way to pay a Chinese supplier from Europe

Who it's for, and who it's not for

• For: EU and UK companies and sole traders that buy goods from Chinese factories or Alibaba sellers by bank transfer, from a few thousand to a few hundred thousand euros per order.

• Not for: personal transfers to family, or buyers who need trade finance beyond a letter of credit. Those need a different guide or a bank adviser.

Start with the invoice currency. If the supplier invoices in CNY and has a CNY business account, a low-margin provider with CNY payout is usually cheapest. For more detail on each provider, see our main guide to paying suppliers with Wise, Payoneer and Airwallex, or our Airwallex review for importers.

Wise vs Airwallex vs Revolut vs bank: which is best for paying China from the EU or UK?

Four options cover almost every European importer. They differ mainly on the exchange-rate margin, not on the visible fee.

• Bank SWIFT wire. Your bank converts EUR or GBP and sends by SWIFT. An Airwallex comparison article (a competitor, so treat it with care) quotes HSBC UK at GBP 4.00 per online international payment and an FX margin of 2.00% to 4.00%. Check your own bank's tariff.

• Wise Business. One-time set-up fee of GBP 50.00 in the UK or EUR 60.00 in Ireland. Sending and converting start at 0.24% (UK) or 0.20% (Ireland), and the fee varies by currency. Wise advertises a volume discount once you spend over GBP 20,000.00 or EUR 22,000.00. CNY payments must go to a CNY business account at a CIPS member bank, usually in 1–2 working days. Wise cannot send CNY from some countries, including Bulgaria and Croatia.

• Airwallex. 0.50% above interbank for major currencies including CNY, USD, EUR and GBP. CNY payments carry 0.10% (shown on the UK schedule and on the EU schedule published for France-registered customers). In the UK, CNY via the local network is GBP 2.00 per transfer; SWIFT costs GBP 10.00 (SHA) or GBP 20.00 (OUR), or EUR 10.00 / EUR 20.00 in the EU. The Explore plan costs GBP 19.00 or EUR 19.00 a month, free if you deposit or hold at least 10,000.00 that month (Airwallex UK pricing).

• Revolut Business. EU plans: Basic from EUR 10.00 a month (EUR 1,000.00 exchanged at interbank rate), Grow from EUR 35.00 (EUR 15,000.00), Scale from EUR 125.00 (EUR 60,000.00). Revolut lists CNY transfers to China as supported, but CNY is not a currency you can hold in a Business account. Fees above the allowance were not shown on Revolut's plan page when we checked; confirm them in the app.

Is it safe to pay a Chinese supplier with Wise or Airwallex?

Both are regulated payment firms. Wise Payments Limited is an electronic money institution authorised by the UK Financial Conduct Authority (firm reference 900507), and Wise Europe SA is a payment institution authorised by the National Bank of Belgium. Airwallex (UK) Ltd holds an FCA e-money licence (900876), and Airwallex (Netherlands) B.V. is supervised by De Nederlandsche Bank. Regulation protects how your balance is held, not who you pay. The real risk is paying the wrong person, so the supplier checks in this guide matter more than the provider you choose.

Which payment methods do Chinese suppliers accept? T/T, letter of credit, Trade Assurance and cards

Most factories ask for a bank transfer, called T/T (telegraphic transfer). Wise and Airwallex are simply cheaper ways to send that same transfer. The other methods trade cost for protection.

• T/T bank transfer. The most common method and widely accepted, as Wise notes in its comparison of supplier payment methods. Once sent, there is little you can do if the goods are wrong, so protection comes from supplier checks, inspection and the payment split.

• Letter of credit (L/C). Your bank promises to pay only when the supplier presents the documents listed in the credit, such as the bill of lading. L/Cs follow the ICC's UCP 600 rules. They cost more, need careful paperwork, and smaller factories often resist them.

• Alibaba Trade Assurance. Only for orders placed and paid through Alibaba.com. Your payment is held in escrow and released after you confirm receipt, with refunds for orders not shipped, missing or defective (Alibaba.com Trade Assurance).

• Card or PayPal at Alibaba checkout. Convenient for samples. Alibaba's own payment guide lists a 2.99% transaction fee for cards, PayPal, Apple Pay and Google Pay, which is costly on a production order.

Letter of credit vs T/T for a Chinese supplier: when is an L/C worth it?

An L/C makes sense for a large first order with a new factory, when you cannot afford to lose a deposit. It protects you only as far as the documents go: a bank checks paper, not product quality, so add a pre-shipment inspection certificate to the required documents. For repeat orders with a trusted supplier, a T/T sent through a low-margin provider is cheaper and faster. Ask your bank for its L/C tariff before you negotiate, because fees vary by bank.

How to pay an Alibaba supplier from the UK or EU

On Alibaba.com you can pay through the platform checkout with Trade Assurance, or by bank transfer to the supplier's own account. A platform payment keeps the order inside Alibaba's protection terms. A direct transfer avoids the 2.99% card fee on large orders but leaves you relying on the contract. Whatever you choose, never pay a personal account that is not in the company's name.

How much does it cost to send EUR 10,000.00 to China from Europe?

On published prices, the gap between a fintech and a bank margin of 2.00% to 4.00% is about EUR 140.00 to EUR 340.00 per EUR 10,000.00 paid.

For a UK company, Wise quoted GBP 66.60 in fees to send GBP 10,000.00 to CNY. Prices change often and depend on your account's country; always check the live quote on the Wise Business pricing page or the Airwallex EU fee schedule.

What does a bank margin mean per unit?

Fees feel small as percentages. They look bigger per product. Example: a Lyon shop buys 2,000 phone cases for EUR 10,000.00, or EUR 5.00 each. On the figures above, the payment adds EUR 0.03 per case with Airwallex, EUR 0.04 with Wise and EUR 0.10 to EUR 0.20 with a 2.00% to 4.00% bank margin. On thin margins, that gap can be your whole profit on a reorder.

Worked examples by order size: USD 3,000.00 from the Netherlands and USD 50,000.00 from the UK

The cheapest provider changes with the order size. Fixed fees and monthly plan fees weigh heavily on a small first order; percentage margins dominate a large one. Both examples below are fictional, use live Wise quotes and Airwallex's published rates from 31/10/2026, and label every assumption.

Example A: a USD 3,000.00 first order from Utrecht

Example scenario. A Dutch start-up orders samples and a first small batch, invoiced at USD 3,000.00 FOB Shenzhen. It pays from a EUR account and imports through Rotterdam.

Lesson: on a small USD order, Wise (EUR 19.68) beats Airwallex (EUR 23.44, or EUR 42.44 with the plan fee). A bank at 3.00% costs about four times more. Customs uses its own official exchange rate, so the real customs value can differ slightly from our mid-market figure.

Example B: a USD 50,000.00 repeat order from Manchester

Example scenario. A UK homeware brand reorders from a known factory, invoiced at USD 50,000.00 FOB Ningbo, imported through Felixstowe. It pays from a GBP account and uses postponed VAT accounting.

Lesson: at this size Wise's quote fell to a 0.31% variable fee, below Airwallex's 0.50% margin. A bank margin would cost up to about twelve times more. Postponed VAT accounting keeps GBP 8,205.87 in the business until the VAT return. If you split the order into a deposit and a balance, the fixed fees apply twice and the rate may differ, so quote each transfer.

Should I pay a Chinese supplier in USD or CNY from EUR or GBP?

From Europe you always convert once. The question is whether you convert to CNY yourself or send USD and let the supplier's bank convert.

1. Follow the contract. Wise advises sending USD when the invoice and contract are in USD, and supports USD payments to businesses in China.

2. CNY needs a CNY account. A CNY payment to an account not in CNY is rejected.

3. Copy the name exactly. The beneficiary name, in Latin characters, must match the bank account name.

4. Pick "Pay for goods" as the transfer reason; Wise asks for one of four business reasons to comply with Chinese rules.

If your supplier offers a small discount for CNY, compare it with the cost of converting. A 1.00% discount beats a 0.60% Airwallex cost; it does not beat a 3.00% bank margin.

What do I need to import from China into the EU or UK? EORI, customs duty and import VAT

Paying is half the job. When the goods arrive, customs need three things from you. Your import documents (commercial invoice, packing list, bill of lading) must also match the payment you made.

• EORI number. Any business established in the EU needs one for customs; you apply to the customs authority of your own country, and one number works across the EU. Check any EORI with the European Commission's EORI page. In the UK, a GB EORI is usually issued immediately, or within 5 working days if HMRC needs checks.

• Customs duty. Find your commodity code and the rate for China in TARIC (EU) or the UK Trade Tariff. Duty is charged on the customs value, which includes transport and insurance costs up to the point where the goods enter the EU or UK.

• Import VAT. Charged on customs value plus duty, plus incidental costs to the first destination, at your country's rate: 19.00% in Germany, 20.00% in France, 21.00% in the Netherlands, 20.00% in the UK. Across the EU, standard rates run from 17.00% (Luxembourg) to 27.00% (Hungary) on the Your Europe VAT table.

Worked example: EUR 10,000.00 from Hamburg

Example scenario. A Hamburg retailer orders EUR 10,000.00 of goods from a Ningbo factory, invoiced in CNY, shipped to Rotterdam. Freight and insurance cost EUR 1,200.00. We use a 12.00% duty rate for illustration only.

The same goods into France at 20.00% VAT give EUR 2,508.80 of import VAT. A VAT-registered business normally recovers import VAT, so the real cost is the payment fee, freight and duty. The full method is in our landed cost guide.

How does postponed VAT accounting work for China imports (UK) and import VAT deferral (EU)?

Paying import VAT at the border and reclaiming it weeks later ties up cash. Postponed schemes fix that.

• UK: any UK VAT-registered business can use postponed VAT accounting. No approval is needed. Enter your VAT number in Data Element 3/40, tell your broker in writing before they declare, and download the monthly postponed import VAT statement (see GOV.UK guidance on postponed VAT). You cannot change the choice after the declaration is submitted.

• EU: rules are national. France, the Netherlands and Germany each work differently, as the next section shows. Ask your customs broker what applies in your country of import.

When is import VAT due in Germany, France and the Netherlands? Import VAT deferral compared

• France: since 01/01/2022, import VAT is self-assessed automatically for businesses identified for VAT in France and declared on the CA3 VAT return instead of at customs (French customs, TVA à l'importation).

• Germany: import VAT (Einfuhrumsatzsteuer) is 19.00% for most goods. With a customs payment deferral, it falls due on the 26th of the second month after the import month (§21(3a) UStG). Goods cleared on 05/11/2026 are therefore due on 26/01/2027.

• Netherlands: an Article 23 licence lets importers report import VAT on the periodic VAT return instead of paying at import; non-residents need a fiscal representative (Grant Thornton Netherlands).

Before and after: what postponed VAT changes for your cash

In the Hamburg example, without deferral the importer pays EUR 2,383.36 of import VAT at the border and waits for the VAT return to get it back. With a deferral or self-assessment scheme, the same amount is declared and deducted on the return, so far less cash leaves the business for VAT. The amount is the same; only the timing changes.

How to pay a Chinese supplier from Europe step by step

1. Verify the supplier. Match the company name on the business licence, contract and bank account. Use our Chinese supplier verification checklist.

2. Read the pro forma invoice. Note the currency (USD or CNY), the Incoterm and the payment split.

3. Choose your provider. Compare the total cost on a live quote, not only the visible fee.

4. Add the beneficiary. Copy the name, account number and bank exactly. For CNY, confirm the account is a CNY business account.

5. Send a small test payment to any new account and ask the supplier to confirm receipt.

6. Pay the deposit with the purpose "Pay for goods" and the invoice number in the reference.

7. Pay the balance after inspection or against the bill of lading copy.

8. Clear customs with your EORI, commodity code and VAT number, then record import VAT on your return.

What should a Chinese pro forma invoice show before you pay?

The pro forma is the document your payment must match. Check five fields: the seller's name (same as the business licence), the account currency, the Incoterm, the payment terms and the bank block. If any of these changes between two versions of the invoice, stop and ask why in writing.

How do I pay several Chinese suppliers at once?

If you buy from many factories, batch payments save time. Wise Business lets a verified business create up to 1,000 payments from one CSV or XLSX file, on the website only (Wise guide to batch payments). Check each supplier's currency and account type before you upload: one CNY payment to a USD account will still be rejected.

When to pay: a timeline from deposit to VAT return

Pay the balance only after a pre-shipment inspection or against the shipping documents. Before the deposit, verify the supplier. Incoterms decide who pays the freight: see FOB, CIF and DDP explained.

What deposit should I pay a new Chinese supplier?

A 30.00% deposit and a 70.00% balance before shipment is a split commonly recommended by UK sourcing agents (indicative, Epic Sourcing), who also warn against paying 100.00% upfront to a new supplier. It is a negotiation, not a rule. A lower deposit, or a balance paid against a copy of the bill of lading, shifts risk back to the factory.

By region: MENA, Europe, USA

The way you send money to China is broadly the same everywhere. What changes is tax at import, foreign-exchange rules and paperwork.

• Europe (EU + UK): this guide. EORI, TARIC or UK Trade Tariff, import VAT, and fintech providers with EU and UK licences.

• Gulf: Saudi Arabia charges 15.00% VAT on imports, and a VAT-registered business may apply to pay import VAT through its VAT return instead of at the border (ZATCA guideline). The UAE standard rate is 5.00% (indicative; the Federal Tax Authority page did not display it when we checked). Wise cannot send CNY from the UAE, so read our guide to paying from the UAE or Saudi Arabia.

• North Africa (Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia): foreign-exchange rules are set nationally and change often, so check the country guide before choosing a provider: Egypt or Morocco.

• USA: since 29/08/2025, goods of all countries are no longer eligible for duty-free de minimis entry (CBP message). See paying from the USA.

Thinking of a company abroad instead? Compare Hong Kong, Dubai and a US LLC or try the Setup Route Finder.

Mistakes to avoid when paying a Chinese supplier from Europe, and fraud warnings

• Accepting new bank details by e-mail. Invoice-redirection fraud is the costliest mistake. Call the supplier on a number you already know.

• Paying a different name or country than the one on the contract and business licence.

• Comparing fees, not totals. Compare what the supplier receives.

• Paying a large order by card at checkout and losing 2.99% in fees.

• Forgetting the EORI or the VAT number on the customs entry, so the goods wait at the port.

• Guessing the commodity code. A wrong code means wrong duty and possible penalties.

If it goes wrong: contact your provider the same day, report fraud to your bank and the police (in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, Action Fraud is the national reporting centre), and keep all e-mails. With Wise, you can cancel while a transfer is still processing; once it is marked Completed the money has left Wise, and you need the recipient's bank to return it (Wise help).

What happens if my payment to China is rejected?

Most rejections come from a name that does not fully match the account, a CNY payment to an account not in CNY, or a missing transfer reason. When account details are wrong, the recipient's bank often returns the payment; Wise says this can take up to 5 working days or longer, after which you can resend or take a refund. Fix the detail with the supplier in writing, then resend. If the supplier keeps changing accounts, stop and re-verify the company.

Checklist before paying and importing

• EORI active in your EU country or GB

• Commodity code checked in TARIC or the UK Trade Tariff

• Invoice currency matches the transfer currency

• Beneficiary name copied exactly from the bank document

• Bank details confirmed by phone if new or changed

• Test payment sent to any new account

• Live quotes compared for each transfer, deposit and balance

• Broker told in writing about postponed VAT (UK) or your deferral licence (EU)

• Contract and invoice saved for the supplier's bank and customs

Key takeaways

• The exchange-rate margin, not the visible fee, decides the cost of paying China from Europe.

• On published prices, Airwallex (about EUR 60.00) and Wise Business (EUR 79.19) beat a typical bank margin on EUR 10,000.00; on a USD 50,000.00 order, Wise's quote was the lowest.

• Small orders: watch fixed and monthly fees. Large orders: watch the percentage.

• Pay in the invoice currency; CNY needs a CNY business account.

• Get an EORI, check duty in TARIC or the UK Trade Tariff, and budget import VAT.

• Use postponed VAT accounting in the UK, or your country's deferral scheme, to protect cash flow.

• Confirm any change of bank details by phone before you pay.

Glossary

EORI: the customs ID every importer needs; country code plus up to 15 characters.

TARIC: the EU's online customs tariff with duty rates by commodity code and origin.

UK Trade Tariff: the UK government's tool to find commodity codes and duty rates.

PVA: postponed VAT accounting; UK import VAT declared on the VAT return instead of paid at the border.

CIPS: China's cross-border yuan payment system; Wise pays only CIPS member banks.

T/T: telegraphic transfer, the usual bank transfer to a supplier.

Letter of credit (L/C): a bank's promise to pay against listed documents, under the ICC's UCP 600 rules.

Trade Assurance: Alibaba.com's order protection, with payment held in escrow until you confirm receipt.

Article 23 licence: Dutch licence to report import VAT on the VAT return.

SHA / OUR: who pays intermediary bank fees on a SWIFT wire: shared or all by you.

FX margin: the extra percentage on the exchange rate, often the biggest cost.

FAQ

What is the cheapest way to pay a Chinese supplier from Germany? On published prices, Airwallex: 0.50% margin plus 0.10% for CNY, about EUR 60.00 on EUR 10,000.00. Wise Business quoted EUR 79.19 for the same amount. Always compare live quotes, because prices depend on your account country and the amount.

Can I use Wise Business from Bulgaria or Croatia to send CNY? No. Wise lists both among countries that cannot send CNY. Send USD instead or use another provider.

Can a UK company pay a Chinese supplier from a GBP account? Yes, but the supplier will almost always want USD or CNY, so you convert. Do the conversion yourself with a low-margin provider rather than sending GBP and letting banks convert. In our example, Wise quoted GBP 66.60 to send GBP 10,000.00 to CNY.

Do I need an EORI number to import from China into the EU? Yes, any business established in the EU that deals with customs needs one, issued by its own country's customs. One number is valid across the EU.

Is import VAT a real cost for my business? Usually not if you are VAT-registered and the goods are for taxable sales, but it is a cash-flow cost unless you use postponed accounting or a deferral. In our USD 50,000.00 example, postponed VAT kept GBP 8,205.87 in the business.

Where do I find the customs duty rate for my product? In TARIC for the EU or the UK Trade Tariff, using your commodity code and China as origin. The rates in our examples are illustrations only.

Can Revolut Business pay a supplier in CNY? Revolut lists CNY transfers to China as supported, but CNY cannot be held in the account. Check the quote and the fee above your plan's allowance in the app first.

How long does a payment to a Chinese supplier take from Europe? Wise says CNY payments to CIPS member banks usually arrive in 1–2 working days. Alibaba's payment guide gives 3–7 days on average for international wires. Send the balance early enough to meet the shipping date.

Can I pay a Chinese supplier with PayPal or a card from Europe? Through Alibaba.com checkout, yes, but Alibaba's payment guide lists a 2.99% transaction fee for cards and PayPal. That is fine for samples and costly on production orders. For bulk orders, a bank transfer in USD or CNY is the norm.

Is a letter of credit worth it for a small order? Usually not. L/Cs add bank fees and paperwork, and many smaller factories resist them. They make more sense for a large first order with a new supplier.

What deposit is normal for a new Chinese supplier? A 30.00% deposit and 70.00% balance is a common split cited by sourcing agents, but it is negotiable. Avoid paying 100.00% upfront to a supplier you have not verified.

How many suppliers can I pay at once with Wise? Wise batch payments allow up to 1,000 payments in one CSV or XLSX file from a verified Wise Business account. Each payment still needs the right currency and account details.

What should I write in the payment reference? Use the invoice or pro forma number and a short description, such as "PI 2026-118 deposit". Choose "Pay for goods" as the purpose where the provider asks. Clear references help the supplier's bank match the payment.

Is it safe to pay a supplier's personal account in China? No, it is a common warning sign. Pay only an account in the company name shown on the contract and business licence. If the supplier insists, re-verify the company before paying anything.

When is import VAT due in Germany if I have a payment deferral? On the 26th of the second month after the import month, under §21(3a) UStG. Goods cleared on 05/11/2026 would be due on 26/01/2027. You need a customs deferment account for this.

Related guides

• How to Pay a Chinese Supplier: Wise vs Payoneer vs Airwallex
• How to Verify a Chinese Supplier Before Paying: 12-Point Checklist (2026)
• Landed Cost China Imports: Formula & Examples (2026)
• Airwallex Review for Importers 2026: Fees, Limits, China
• Setup Route Finder: which company should you open?

This article is for information only and is not legal, tax or financial advice. Fees, VAT and duty rules change; confirm with your provider, customs broker or accountant before paying or importing.

Sources

• Airwallex: UK fee schedule (checked 31/10/2026)

• Airwallex: EU fee schedule, France-registered customers (checked 31/10/2026)

• Airwallex: UK pricing plans (checked 31/10/2026)

• Airwallex: Germany pricing plans (checked 31/10/2026)

• Airwallex: Licences and regulation (checked 31/10/2026)

• Airwallex blog: HSBC international payment fees (checked 31/10/2026)

• Wise: Business pricing UK (checked 31/10/2026)

• Wise: Business pricing Ireland (checked 31/10/2026)

• Wise: How to send CNY for China businesses (checked 31/10/2026)

• Wise: price quote EUR 10,000.00 to CNY (checked 31/10/2026)

• Wise: price quote EUR to USD 3,000.00 (checked 31/10/2026)

• Wise: price quote GBP to USD 50,000.00 (checked 31/10/2026)

• Wise: How Wise is regulated (checked 31/10/2026)

• Wise: Guide to batch payments (checked 31/10/2026)

• Wise: Getting money back from a completed transfer (checked 31/10/2026)

• Wise: Ways to pay Chinese suppliers (checked 31/10/2026)

• Revolut: Business account plans, Ireland (checked 31/10/2026)

• Revolut: Which currencies can I hold (checked 31/10/2026)

• Revolut: Where can I transfer money (checked 31/10/2026)

• Alibaba.com: Trade Assurance (checked 31/10/2026)

• Alibaba.com: How to pay for goods on Alibaba.com (checked 31/10/2026)

• ICC Academy: UCP 600 (checked 31/10/2026)

• Epic Sourcing: How to pay Chinese suppliers (checked 31/10/2026)

• European Commission: EORI number (checked 31/10/2026)

• GOV.UK: Apply for an EORI number (checked 31/10/2026)

• Your Europe: VAT rates (checked 31/10/2026)

• Belastingdienst: VAT tariffs (checked 31/10/2026)

• IHK Bremen: Einfuhrumsatzsteuer (checked 31/10/2026)

• Gesetze im Internet: §21 UStG (checked 31/10/2026)

• Douane française: TVA à l'importation, les essentiels (checked 31/10/2026)

• Grant Thornton Netherlands: Deferring import VAT (checked 31/10/2026)

• Estonian Tax and Customs Board: Taxable value of imported goods (checked 31/10/2026)

• GOV.UK: VAT rates (checked 31/10/2026)

• GOV.UK: Postponed VAT accounting (checked 31/10/2026)

• European Commission: TARIC consultation (checked 31/10/2026)

• GOV.UK: UK Trade Tariff (checked 31/10/2026)

• UAE Federal Tax Authority: VAT (checked 31/10/2026)

• ZATCA: Guideline on imports and exports under VAT (checked 31/10/2026)

• CBP: Suspension of de minimis duty-free treatment from 29/08/2025 (checked 31/10/2026)

• FCA: Financial Services Register (checked 31/10/2026)

• Action Fraud: Who we are (checked 31/10/2026)